One of the recent projects we have undertaken in the
department of Entomology at UNL is to build a better domicile (nest box) for
bumble bees.
WHY??? Because they
are important pollinators of wild plants, flowers, vegetables and other crops. Did you know that bumble bees are often used
in greenhouses to pollinate tomato plants?
Worldwide, there are over 250 species of bumble bees and like many other
important native pollinators, they are threatened by habitat loss, chemical
use, and disease. Since the late 1990’s,
a decline in the abundance and distribution of several wild bumble bee species
has been observed.
One of the factors limiting the survival of bumble bees in
urban areas is the lack of natural nesting sites. Unlike honeybees, bumble bees
do not make a nest. Instead they find abandoned rodent dens and in the spring a
queen finds it, occupies and starts a colony. Competition for these nest sites
is often high, with queens killing each other for the right to use it.
In theory, if you create cavities… domiciles…that mimic
abandoned rodent dens, you can provide several bumble bee queens places to
nest. The more nesting sites available, the more chances for bumble bee queens
to establish colonies resulting in more bumble bees.
However, researchers have found that less than 10% of the artificial
domiciles tested are accepted by bumble bees.
The good news is some citizen scientists are having good luck attracting
bumble bees to homemade nest boxes of various design.
What are these citizen scientists doing to attract bumble
bees? We have investigated the characteristics
of successful bumble bee domiciles and developed a design that we feel has a
chance of successfully attracting bumble bees. It is a small wooden box with cotton and paper
insulating material that mimics a cavity that bumble bees will nest in. The
boxes are painted white and the entrance holes are ringed with bright yellow or
blue paint. Various other designs will
be tested in the future.
Thirty of these domiciles were placed in several locations
around UNL’s east campus on the 26th of April, 2013. We will be monitoring them throughout the
summer to determine if they are being used by bumble bees, and make
observations that may assist in more effective future domicile designs.
Having your own nest of bumble bees can help your garden
landscape. Hopefully with a bit more
research, we can provide a design that will attract nesting bumble bee queens,
Dr. Doug Golick is leading this project. For more
information about bumble bees and their identification, visit his web site @
http://bumbleboosters.unl.edu
